全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11716篇 |
免费 | 1891篇 |
国内免费 | 776篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 3260篇 |
晶体学 | 51篇 |
力学 | 1859篇 |
综合类 | 234篇 |
数学 | 5119篇 |
物理学 | 3860篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 171篇 |
2022年 | 225篇 |
2021年 | 363篇 |
2020年 | 332篇 |
2019年 | 278篇 |
2018年 | 295篇 |
2017年 | 511篇 |
2016年 | 584篇 |
2015年 | 524篇 |
2014年 | 647篇 |
2013年 | 904篇 |
2012年 | 621篇 |
2011年 | 653篇 |
2010年 | 594篇 |
2009年 | 679篇 |
2008年 | 718篇 |
2007年 | 743篇 |
2006年 | 595篇 |
2005年 | 487篇 |
2004年 | 502篇 |
2003年 | 513篇 |
2002年 | 417篇 |
2001年 | 315篇 |
2000年 | 338篇 |
1999年 | 309篇 |
1998年 | 269篇 |
1997年 | 189篇 |
1996年 | 195篇 |
1995年 | 182篇 |
1994年 | 153篇 |
1993年 | 132篇 |
1992年 | 92篇 |
1991年 | 94篇 |
1990年 | 83篇 |
1989年 | 59篇 |
1988年 | 70篇 |
1987年 | 54篇 |
1986年 | 43篇 |
1985年 | 72篇 |
1984年 | 38篇 |
1983年 | 28篇 |
1982年 | 38篇 |
1981年 | 28篇 |
1980年 | 48篇 |
1979年 | 44篇 |
1978年 | 27篇 |
1977年 | 35篇 |
1976年 | 36篇 |
1974年 | 13篇 |
1957年 | 13篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 140 毫秒
81.
Atomic sp, sp2, and sp3 hybrid orbitals were introduced by Linus Pauling to explain the nature of the chemical bond. Quantum dynamics simulations show that they can be sculpted by means of a selective series of coherent laser pulses, starting from the 1s orbital of the hydrogen atom. Laser hybridization generates atoms with state‐selective electric dipoles, opening up new possibilities for the study of chemical reaction dynamics and heterogeneous catalysis. 相似文献
82.
The aim of this research was to determine the chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the essential oils from Cynanchum chinense and Ligustrum compactum and isolation of antioxidant and antibacterial constituents from the essential oils. Thirty-eight components were identified in essential oils. Based on bioactivity-guided fractionation, guaiacol, linalool and 2-phenylethanol were isolated and identified as active constituents. Both L. compactum flower oil and 2-phenylethanol showed high antibacterial performance, with inhibition zone from 22.8 ± 0.8 to 11.9 ± 2.0 mm at highest concentration, and minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.25% to 1%. In both DPPH and ABTS assay, the active constituent guaiacol (IC50 = 4.15 ± 0.72 and 9.12 ± 0.98 μg mL? 1, respectively) exhibited high antioxidant activity, and the oils showed moderate antioxidant activity. These results indicate potential efficacy of active constituents and essential oils of L. compactum and C. chinense to control food-borne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. 相似文献
83.
Patil Chandrashekhar Suryawanshi Rahul Borase Hemant Narkhede Chandrakant Salunke Bipinchandra 《Natural product research》2015,29(24):2350-2354
Mosquito control protein from Bacillus thuringiensis gets inactivated with exposure to sunlight. To address this issue, the potential of synthetic and natural dye was investigated as sunlight protectants. Bt SV2 in absence of dyes when exposed to sunlight showed reduced effectiveness against the fourth instars of mosquito larvae. Whereas acriflavin, congo red and violacein were able to maintain 86.4%, 91.6% and 82.2% mosquito larvicidal efficacy of Bt SV2 against IVth instars larvae of Anopheles stephensi Meigen after exposure to sunlight. Similarly, beetroot dye, acriflavin, congo red and violacein maintained 98.4%, 97.1%, 90.8% and 70.7% larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti Linnaeus after sunlight exposure. Prodigiosin was found to be the best photo-protectant by simultaneously protecting and enhancing Bt activity by 6.16% and 22.16% against A. stephensi and A. aegypti, respectively. Combination of dyes with Bt formulations can be a good strategy for mosquito control programmes in tropical and sub-tropical regions. 相似文献
84.
Inside Cover: Local Control Theory in Trajectory Surface Hopping Dynamics Applied to the Excited‐State Proton Transfer of 4‐Hydroxyacridine (ChemPhysChem 10/2015) 下载免费PDF全文
85.
High‐performance liquid chromatographic column packings with different particle sizes: Chromatographic behavior for the quality analysis of HuanglianShangqing pill 下载免费PDF全文
Dongzhi Yang Ying Li Fangxiu Yang Yan Du Yinjie Li Xiaoxiao Zheng Daoquan Tang 《Journal of separation science》2015,38(3):381-389
The chromatographic separation of traditional Chinese medicines is still a highly challenging task in analytical science with respect to its hundreds and thousands of chemical compounds, while increase of separation efficiency can greatly improve the separation power of chromatographic column for traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, 13 bioactive components in HuanglianShangqing pill were selected as an index to optimize the separation conditions and evaluate the system suitability of three commercially available columns packed with 1.8, 3.5, and 5.0 μm particles. The chromatographic separations were obtained by the most appropriate Eclipse Plus C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 3.5 μm) within 45 min using gradient elution with aqueous‐ammonium acetate (10 mmol/L, pH 5.0) and acetonitrile, at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min and an operating temperature of 30°C. The quality of HuanglianShangqing pill was assessed through combining simultaneous quantification of 13 compounds with fingerprint analysis. For the qualitative analysis, mass spectrometry was used to confirm the 13 compounds. All the validation data conformed to the acceptable requirements. For the fingerprint analysis, 32 peaks were selected as the common peaks at 254 nm to evaluate the similarities among HuanglianShangqing pills obtained from ten manufacturers. 相似文献
86.
Increasing the interlaboratory reproducibility of gas chromatographic retention indices requires avoiding measurements distorted by overloading effects. Several criteria of evaluating the limits of the mass overloading of gas chromatographic systems are compared and reconsidered. The criteria mostly appropriate for practical purposes are based on (i) the dependences of factors of peak broadening (ratio of peak height and its width) vs. amount of analyte injected into the chromatographic column and (ii) the dependence of parameters characterizing the peak distortion (asymmetry factor) vs. the amount of analyte. Both these criteria provide mutually comparable evaluations of the overloading limits for analytes of different polarity. At the same time, the dependence of retention indices vs. amounts of analyte injected in the chromatographic column cannot be recommended for overloading control, because the parameters of the corresponding linear regressions indicate temperature dependence. The interpretation of certain gas chromatographic anomalies requires the correct evaluation of overloading limits. For example, the unusual temperature dependence of retention indices of polar analytes on non‐polar stationary phases and the dependence of retention indices on ratio of amounts of target analytes and reference compounds. 相似文献
87.
Development of a method using high‐performance liquid chromatographic fingerprint and multi‐ingredients quantitative analysis for the quality control of Yangxinshi Pian 下载免费PDF全文
Yerui Li Kai Yang Bowen Liu Ye Jin Xuesong Liu Zuolin Jiang Lianjun Luan Yongjiang Wu 《Journal of separation science》2015,38(17):2989-2994
A simple and reliable method of high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection method was developed for fingerprint analysis and simultaneous determination of six compounds including puerarin, salvianolic acid B, berberine hydrochloride, palmatine chloride, dehydrocorydaline, and icariin in the Chinese medicine preparation Yangxinshi Pian. The separation was performed on an Agilent Eclipse XDB‐C18 reserved‐phase column (250 mm × 4.6mm I.D., 5 μm) using gradient elution with 50 mmol/L monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution and methanol as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column operating temperature was set at 30°C, and the detection wavelength was 280 nm. The method was validated by linearity, precision, accuracy, stability, and recovery. For fingerprint analysis, 25 peaks were selected as the common peaks, and four kinds of similarities including cosine similarity (S), ratio of similarity (S′), projection content similarity (C), and content similarity (P) were applied to evaluate the quality consistency of different batches of Yangxinshi Pian. The results showed that the developed method was an efficient tool for quality evaluation of Yangxinshi Pian. 相似文献
88.
Shridhar H. Thorat Sanjay Kumar Sahu Rajesh G. Gonnade 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2015,71(11):1010-1016
The synthesis of pharmaceutical cocrystals is a strategy to enhance the performance of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) without affecting their therapeutic efficiency. The 1:1 pharmaceutical cocrystal of the antituberculosis drug pyrazinamide (PZA) and the cocrystal former p‐aminobenzoic acid (p‐ABA), C7H7NO2·C5H5N3O, (1), was synthesized successfully and characterized by relevant solid‐state characterization methods. The cocrystal crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n containing one molecule of each component. Both molecules associate via intermolecular O—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen bonds [O...O = 2.6102 (15) Å and O—H...O = 168.3 (19)°; N...O = 2.9259 (18) Å and N—H...O = 167.7 (16)°] to generate a dimeric acid–amide synthon. Neighbouring dimers are linked centrosymmetrically through N—H...O interactions [N...O = 3.1201 (18) Å and N—H...O = 136.9 (14)°] to form a tetrameric assembly supplemented by C—H...N interactions [C...N = 3.5277 (19) Å and C—H...N = 147°]. Linking of these tetrameric assemblies through N—H...O [N...O = 3.3026 (19) Å and N—H...O = 143.1 (17)°], N—H...N [N...N = 3.221 (2) Å and N—H...N = 177.9 (17)°] and C—H...O [C...O = 3.5354 (18) Å and C—H...O = 152°] interactions creates the two‐dimensional packing. Recrystallization of the cocrystals from the molten state revealed the formation of 4‐(pyrazine‐2‐carboxamido)benzoic acid, C12H9N3O3, (2), through a transamidation reaction between PZA and p‐ABA. Carboxamide (2) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P with one molecule in the asymmetric unit. Molecules of (2) form a centrosymmetric dimeric homosynthon through an acid–acid O—H...O hydrogen bond [O...O = 2.666 (3) Å and O—H...O = 178 (4)°]. Neighbouring assemblies are connected centrosymmetrically via a C—H...N interaction [C...N = 3.365 (3) Å and C—H...N = 142°] engaging the pyrazine groups to generate a linear chain. Adjacent chains are connected loosely via C—H...O interactions [C...O = 3.212 (3) Å and C—H...O = 149°] to generate a two‐dimensional sheet structure. Closely associated two‐dimensional sheets in both compounds are stacked via aromatic π‐stacking interactions engaging the pyrazine and benzene rings to create a three‐dimensional multi‐stack structure. 相似文献
89.
Huanhuan Gao Xiaojun Huang Xiongwei Ma Xiaoyan Li Linyan Guo Helin Yang 《Frontiers of Physics》2023,18(4):42301
Pancharatnam−Berry (PB) phase metasurface, as a special class of gradient metasurfaces, has been paid much attention owing to the robust performance for phase control of circularly polarized waves. Herein, we present an element-based polarizer for the first step, which enables the incident electromagnetic waves into the cross-polarized waves with the relative bandwidth of 71%, and the polarization conversion ratio exceeds 90% at 6.9−14.5 GHz. Then an eight-elements coding polarizer based on the PB phase is presented for the applications on beam control and radar cross section reduction. The simulated values indicate that the reduction of radar cross section is more than 10 dB at 6−16 GHz. Our work reveals the availability of manipulating the waves, beamforming in communication systems and electromagnetic stealth, and so on. 相似文献
90.